Mu mafakitale a photovoltaic, perovskite yakhala ikufunika kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. Chifukwa chomwe chatulukira ngati "chokondedwa" m'munda wa maselo a dzuwa ndi chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yake yapadera. Calcium titanium ore ili ndi zinthu zambiri zabwino kwambiri za photovoltaic, njira yosavuta yokonzekera, ndi mitundu yambiri ya zipangizo ndi zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, perovskite itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito m'mafakitale amagetsi apansi, ndege, zomangamanga, zida zopangira magetsi ovala ndi zina zambiri.
Pa Marichi 21, Ningde Times idafunsira patent ya "calcium titanite solar cell ndi njira yake yokonzekera ndi chipangizo chamagetsi". M'zaka zaposachedwa, mothandizidwa ndi ndondomeko zapakhomo, makampani a calcium-titanium ore, omwe amaimiridwa ndi ma cell a dzuwa a calcium-titanium ore, apita patsogolo kwambiri. Ndiye perovskite ndi chiyani? Kodi mafakitale a perovskite ali bwanji? Ndi mavuto ati amene akukumana nawobe? Mtolankhani wa Science and Technology Daily adafunsa akatswiri oyenerera.
Perovskite si calcium kapena titaniyamu.
Zomwe zimatchedwa perovskites si kashiamu kapena titaniyamu, koma mawu achibadwa a gulu la "ceramic oxides" lomwe lili ndi mawonekedwe a kristalo omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe a molekyulu ABX3. A amaimira "radius cation", B kutanthauza "zitsulo cation" ndi X "halogen anion". A amaimira “large radius cation”, B amaimira “metal cation” ndipo X amaimira “halogen anion”. Ma ion atatuwa amatha kuwonetsa zinthu zambiri zodabwitsa mwadongosolo lazinthu zosiyanasiyana kapena kusintha mtunda wapakati pawo, kuphatikiza, koma osalekeza, kusungunula, ferroelectricity, antiferromagnetism, giant magnetic effect, etc.
"Malinga ndi kapangidwe kazinthuzo, ma perovskites amatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: zovuta zitsulo oxide perovskites, organic hybrid perovskites, ndi inorganic halogenated perovskites." Luo Jingshan, pulofesa ku Nankai University's School of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, adawonetsa kuti ma titanite a calcium omwe tsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu photovoltaics nthawi zambiri amakhala awiri omaliza.
perovskite itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo ambiri monga zopangira mphamvu zapadziko lapansi, zakuthambo, zomangamanga, ndi zida zopangira magetsi. Pakati pawo, gawo la photovoltaic ndilo gawo lalikulu la perovskite. Mapangidwe a calcium titanite ndi opangidwa bwino kwambiri ndipo ali ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri ya photovoltaic, yomwe ndi njira yotchuka yofufuzira m'munda wa photovoltaic m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Kukula kwa mafakitale a perovskite kukuchulukirachulukira, ndipo mabizinesi apakhomo akupikisana nawo pakupanga. Zimanenedwa kuti zidutswa zoyamba za 5,000 za calcium titanium ore modules zotumizidwa kuchokera ku Hangzhou Fina Photoelectric Technology Co., Ltd; Renshuo Photovoltaic (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. ikufulumizitsanso ntchito yomanga mzere woyendetsa ndege wamkulu kwambiri wa 150 MW wa calcium titanium ore laminated; Kunshan GCL Photoelectric Materials Co. Ltd. 150 MW kashiamu-titaniyamu ore photovoltaic gawo kupanga mzere watha ndipo anaika ntchito mu December 2022, ndipo pachaka linanena bungwe mtengo akhoza kufika yuan miliyoni 300 akafika kupanga.
Calcium titaniyamu ore ali ndi zabwino zoonekeratu mu makampani photovoltaic
Mu mafakitale a photovoltaic, perovskite yakhala ikufunika kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. Chifukwa chomwe chatulukira ngati "chokondedwa" m'munda wa maselo a dzuwa ndi chifukwa cha zochitika zake zapadera.
"Choyamba, perovskite ili ndi zinthu zambiri zabwino kwambiri za optoelectronic, monga kusintha kwa band yosinthika, kuyamwa kwakukulu, mphamvu zochepa zomangira exciton, kusuntha kwakukulu, kulolerana kwakukulu, ndi zina zotero; kachiwiri, kukonzekera kwa perovskite ndi kosavuta ndipo kungathe kukwaniritsa translucency, ultra-lightness, ultra-thinness, kusinthasintha, etc. Luo Jingshan adayambitsa. Ndipo kukonzekera kwa perovskite kumafunanso chiyero chochepa cha zipangizo.
Pakalipano, munda wa PV umagwiritsa ntchito maselo ambiri a silicon opangidwa ndi dzuwa, omwe amatha kugawidwa kukhala monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, ndi amorphous silicon solar cell. The theoretical photoelectric conversion pole ya crystalline silicon cell ndi 29.4%, ndipo malo omwe alipo a labotale amatha kufika pamtunda wa 26.7%, womwe uli pafupi kwambiri ndi denga la kutembenuka; ndi zodziwikiratu kuti phindu lapang'onopang'ono la chitukuko chaukadaulo lidzakhalanso laling'ono komanso locheperako. Mosiyana ndi izi, kutembenuka kwa photovoltaic kwa maselo a perovskite kumakhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba wamtengo wapatali wa 33%, ndipo ngati maselo awiri a perovskite atayikidwa mmwamba ndi pansi palimodzi, kutembenuka kwachidziwitso kumatha kufika 45%.
Kuphatikiza pa "kuchita bwino", chinthu china chofunikira ndi "mtengo". Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa chomwe mtengo wam'badwo woyamba wa mabatire owonda filimu sungathe kutsika ndikuti nkhokwe za cadmium ndi gallium, zomwe sizipezeka padziko lapansi, ndizochepa kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa chake, makampani otukuka kwambiri. ndi, kuchulukitsitsa kofunidwa, kumakwera mtengo wopangira, ndipo sikunathe kukhala chinthu chodziwika bwino. Zopangira za perovskite zimagawidwa mochuluka padziko lapansi, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wotsika mtengo kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, makulidwe a zokutira za calcium-titanium ore kwa mabatire a calcium-titanium ore ndi ma nanometer mazana angapo, pafupifupi 1/500th ya ma silicon wafers, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kufunikira kwa zinthuzo ndikochepa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kufunikira kwapadziko lonse kwa zinthu za silicon kwa maselo a crystalline silicon ndi pafupifupi matani 500,000 pachaka, ndipo ngati onsewo asinthidwa ndi maselo a perovskite, matani 1,000 okha a perovskite adzafunika.
Pankhani ya ndalama zopangira, ma cell a crystalline silicon amafuna kuyeretsedwa kwa silicon mpaka 99.9999%, kotero silicon iyenera kutenthedwa mpaka madigiri 1400 Celsius, kusungunuka kukhala madzi, kukokedwa mu ndodo zozungulira ndi magawo, ndikusonkhanitsidwa m'maselo, okhala ndi mafakitale osachepera anayi ndi awiri. mpaka masiku atatu pakati, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, popanga maselo a perovskite, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito madzi oyambira a perovskite ku gawo lapansi ndikudikirira crystallization. Njira yonseyi imaphatikizapo galasi, filimu yomatira, perovskite ndi zipangizo zamagetsi, ndipo zimatha kumalizidwa mufakitale imodzi, ndipo ndondomeko yonseyo imangotenga mphindi 45.
"Ma cell a solar okonzedwa kuchokera ku perovskite ali ndi mphamvu yabwino yosinthira zithunzi, yomwe yafika 25.7% pakadali pano, ndipo ikhoza kulowa m'malo mwa ma cell a solar opangidwa ndi silicon mtsogolomo kuti akhale otsatsa malonda." Luo Jingshan adatero.
Pali mavuto atatu akuluakulu omwe akuyenera kuthetsedwa kuti alimbikitse chitukuko cha mafakitale
Popititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha chalcocite, anthu akufunikabe kuthetsa mavuto a 3, omwe ndi kukhazikika kwa nthawi yaitali kwa chalcocite, kukonzekera kwa dera lalikulu ndi poizoni wa kutsogolera.
Choyamba, perovskite imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chilengedwe, ndipo zinthu monga kutentha, chinyezi, kuwala, ndi katundu wozungulira zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa perovskite ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu ya maselo. Panopa ambiri zasayansi zigawo perovskite sagwirizana ndi IEC 61215 muyezo mayiko photovoltaic mankhwala, kapena kufika 10-20 chaka moyo wa pakachitsulo maselo dzuwa, kotero mtengo wa perovskite akadali si kopindulitsa m'munda chikhalidwe photovoltaic. Kuonjezera apo, njira yowonongeka ya perovskite ndi zipangizo zake ndizovuta kwambiri, ndipo palibe chidziwitso chodziwika bwino cha ndondomekoyi m'munda, komanso palibe chiwerengero cha chiwerengero chogwirizana, chomwe chimasokoneza kafukufuku wokhazikika.
Nkhani ina yaikulu ndi mmene angakonzekerere pamlingo waukulu. Pakadali pano, maphunziro okhathamiritsa zida akachitika mu labotale, kuwala kothandiza kwa zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosakwana 1 cm2, ndipo zikafika pagawo lazamalonda lazinthu zazikuluzikulu, njira zokonzekera ma labotale ziyenera kukonzedwa bwino. kapena kusinthidwa. Njira zazikuluzikulu zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito panopa pokonzekera mafilimu akuluakulu a perovskite ndi njira yothetsera vutoli ndi njira ya vacuum evaporation. Mu njira yothetsera vutoli, chiwerengero ndi chiŵerengero cha njira yothetsera vutoli, mtundu wa zosungunulira, ndi nthawi yosungiramo zinthu zimakhudza kwambiri khalidwe la mafilimu a perovskite. Vacuum evaporation njira imakonzekeretsa mawonekedwe abwino komanso osinthika amafilimu a perovskite, koma zimakhalanso zovuta kupeza kulumikizana kwabwino pakati pa ma precursors ndi magawo. Kuonjezera apo, chifukwa chosanjikiza chonyamulira cha chipangizo cha perovskite chiyeneranso kukonzekera kudera lalikulu, mzere wopangira ndi kuyika kosalekeza kwa gawo lililonse liyenera kukhazikitsidwa pakupanga mafakitale. Ponseponse, njira yokonzekera madera akuluakulu amafilimu opyapyala a perovskite ikufunikabe kukhathamiritsa.
Pomaliza, kawopsedwe ka mtovu ndi nkhani yodetsa nkhawa. Panthawi yokalamba ya zipangizo zamakono zamakono za perovskite, perovskite idzawola kuti ipange ma ion otsogolera aulere ndi ma monomers otsogolera, omwe adzakhala owopsa ku thanzi akangolowa m'thupi la munthu.
Luo Jingshan amakhulupirira kuti mavuto monga kukhazikika amatha kuthetsedwa ndi kuyika zida. "Ngati m'tsogolo, mavuto awiriwa kuthetsedwa, palinso okhwima kukonzekera ndondomeko, angathenso kupanga zipangizo perovskite mu galasi translucent kapena kuchita pamwamba pa nyumba kukwaniritsa photovoltaic kumanga kaphatikizidwe, kapena kukhala flexible foldable zipangizo zamlengalenga ndi minda ina, kuti perovskite mu mlengalenga popanda madzi ndi mpweya chilengedwe kuchita pazipita." Luo Jingshan ali ndi chidaliro pa tsogolo la perovskite.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-15-2023